Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition characterized by the overproduction of melanin, the pigment that gives color to the skin. This can result in dark patches or spots on the skin, known as age spots, sun spots, or liver spots. Hyperpigmentation can be caused by a variety of factors, including sun exposure, hormonal changes, certain medications, and skin injuries. It is most commonly seen in people with darker skin tones but can affect people of all skin types.
Modern treatment options for hyperpigmentation include:
Topical creams: Topical creams, such as hydroquinone, kojic acid, and azelaic acid, can help to lighten dark patches by inhibiting the production of melanin.
Chemical peels: Chemical peels use a chemical solution to remove the damaged outer layers of the skin, which can help to lighten dark patches.
Microdermabrasion: Microdermabrasion is a procedure that uses fine crystals to remove the outermost layers of the skin, which can help to lighten dark patches.
Laser therapy: Laser therapy uses intense light to remove the outer layers of skin, which can help to lighten dark patches.
Cryotherapy: Cryotherapy is a procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze and remove the dark patches.