Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by dark, discolored patches on the face, typically on the cheeks, forehead, upper lip and chin. It is more common in women, especially during pregnancy and women who take birth control pills. Melasma is caused by an increase in melanin production, which can be triggered by hormonal changes, sun exposure, genetics, and certain medications. Modern treatment options for melasma include:
Topical treatments: Topical creams and serums containing hydroquinone, kojic acid, azelaic acid, glycolic acid, or Vitamin C can help to lighten the appearance of melasma.
Chemical peels: Chemical peels such as glycolic acid and trichloroacetic acid peels can be used to remove the dark discolored patches and improve the overall texture and tone of the skin.
Laser therapy: Lasers such as Q-switched laser, Pulsed-dye laser, and fractional laser therapy can be used to lighten the discolored patches caused by melasma.
Light therapy: Light therapy such as Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) and Blue Light therapy can be used to lighten the discolored patches caused by melasma.
Cosmeceuticals: Cosmeceuticals are specially formulated creams and lotions that can help to reduce the appearance of melasma by inhibiting the production of melanin and promoting a more even skin tone.